When to plant primrose, including garden: how to do it, what are the nuances of growing (by March 8 in the greenhouse and not only), care, reproduction

Primrose belongs to the Primrose, it is one of the most widespread representatives of this genus, there are more than 450 species.

It is mainly found in latitudes with a temperate climate. It can be seen in the Himalayas, in the west of China, on the island of Java, in America.

As a habitat, the plant chooses flood meadows, banks of streams, lakes and mountain rivers, as well as mountain slopes overgrown with grass. We will tell you how to grow primrose.

Transplant time

Domestic primrose is grown as perennial, and garden primrose as perennial and annual. The needs of these varieties are somewhat similar, but they also have their own nuances, so we will separately consider care and transplantation as an option for a home flower and an option for growing in open ground.

We will tell further when to plant this plant, including garden and home species.

General

The division of primrose by roots for the purpose of reproduction is always associated with the transplant process. The first division is carried out in the third or fifth year.. Transplantation is required for the plant to rejuvenate the bush and update the soil mix.

For garden

When to make primrose garden? Every five-year period it is customary to transplant and divide the primrose bush.

It is prone to overgrowth and requires periodic rejuvenation of the plant. The optimal period for planting in this case is the time after the flowering stops.

If for some reason this did not work out, you can plant the primrose later, but no more than until mid-August.

Home

Planting home primrose is done in late summer or early fall, every two to three years.

Why is it necessary?

Over several years of development, the primrose grows and the sockets are already cramped together.
There is a decrease in the abundance and duration of flowering.
The roots are exposed, which makes the plant vulnerable.

Home view

How to transplant?

A new pot is taken a little more than the old. It should be quite wide, but at the same time of small depth. A clay pot is more acceptable, because the clay is breathable and the roots breathe, providing the plant with comfortable and healthy conditions. Holes at the bottom of the pot to drain excess moisture are required.

Attention! Best for transplanting primrose is a method through transshipment.

Water the plant well in advance so that the soil becomes soft and supple.
Gently put the pot with the plant on its side, holding the stalks of primrose.
Using a spatula from the very edge of the pot, pry the roots together with the earth, roll out the plant with a soil lump.
The bottom of the new pot is lined with a layer of drainage from fine expanded clay, the layer should be about a couple of centimeters.
Next, a two-centimeter layer of a new soil mixture is covered. It is necessary to cover the entire expanded clay so that the roots of the primrose do not come in direct contact with the drainage.
When the root system tightly braids the soil lump, it means that the transplant time is chosen optimally and the plant needs updating the dishes and soil.
The plant, along with an earthen lump, is carefully put into a new pot, setting a bush in the center.
Voids from the sides are layer by layer covered with new soil.
Primrose is not buried with a rosette in the soil, be sure to leave it at the top.

In years when the transplant is not done, it is necessary to level the soil, removing the top layer in one and a half centimeters and replacing it with a new one.

The nuances of care

Lighting

The photophilous plant is not very fond of direct sunlight, loves the diffuse type of lighting. On the north side, primrose will feel bad, and in the south there is a risk of burns on the leaves. It is optimal to grow a flower on the windowsills of the western and eastern windows.

Attention! With a lack of light, primrose can grow, but will not give abundant and long flowering.

Temperature

In winter and spring, a temperature of 10-15 degrees is welcome. In the spring and during the flowering period, sending the plant to the balcony at partial shade will have a positive effect. When cold weather occurs, the primrose is returned to the house. Higher temperatures can cause the flower to fall and reduce flowering time. However, there is such an inverse conical primrose that loves warmth and normally develops at 16-20 degrees. At other times, the usual room temperature will do, without overheating.

Watering

On average, watered this way: the earth in the pot should not dry out, it is necessary to maintain it in a slightly wet state. However, you can not create an excess of water, otherwise the roots will rot. There are some nuances. During flowering periods, primrose is watered abundantly, and after flowering, the dosage of moisture is reduced, moisturizing two to three days after the outer layer has dried.

Humidity

The plant is not picky about the special parameters of climate humidity, but in a very dry and hot room it can become ill, the ends of the leaves will dry.

To solve the problem, just put next to the cups of water, the evaporator or place the pot in a large tray with moistened moss or expanded clay balls.

It is advisable to regularly spray primrose from a fine spray so that its leaves do not dry out.

The soil

The mixture should be moderately saturated with nutrients, and with weak, closer to neutral acidity. Suitable land for geraniums or universal for indoor flowersif mixed with a little sand. You can make the soil yourself by mixing in equal proportions: sand, peat, turf and leafy soil.

Advice! Before use, disinfect with a light solution of potassium permanganate.

Fertilizer

They feed the primrose from the moment the first buds appear until the flowering is complete. Mineral fluids are used to feed flowering plants. The concentration is halved relative to the dosage recommended in the instructions. Perform the procedure every couple of weeks. During the color period, it is permissible to apply organics once - a solution of bird droppings.

At other times, feeding is not done, only once during the growing season, nitrogen fertilizers are introduced to help the process of increasing the volume of foliage. Fertilizing liquids for deciduous plants or a 0.1% solution of ammonium nitrate are suitable here.

Flowering and dormancy

With sufficient light and normal watering, primrose blooms in February and ends the flowering period in July. Then comes the time of rest. During this period, the formation of leaves and peduncles ceases, but the old ones do not wither. It is advisable to move the plant to partial shade.

In winter, it is preferable to stay on the northern windowsill near the stele to create less light and at the same time cool. The conditions change before the onset of flowering - the lighting is increased, and the pot is moved to a warmer place.

Growing by March 8 in a greenhouse

For growing, a stunted type of plant of two to three years of age is suitable. One-year-olds will give small shoots, but already mature primroses will look quite worthy, having managed to gain the necessary volume in a short time. Before planting, you need to divide the rhizome into independent bushes, make in this way one of several pieces.

Procedure

Dig the primrose in late autumn. Be sure to place the plant together with an earthen lump in a temperature regime of +3 degrees, not higher. Thus, it will be possible to save it until the first days of February.
In early February, all leaves and stems are removed from the plant.
Plant in pots 10-12 cm in diameter. The substrate is taken as for home primrose.
The socket should never be buried, leaving it level with the surface of the soil.
Contain a seedling at a temperature of + 5-10 degrees. This thermal mode is the key to lush flowering, it is at this temperature that the peduncle and flower buds are laid in the optimal way.
Lighting should be good, but without direct rays.
Watering is done moderate, complementary foods with mineral solution are done before the buds bloom.

Advice! After the plant fades, it is possible to return it to the open ground, caring already according to generally accepted rules.

This is how the flower grows by March 8 in the greenhouse.

Outdoor cultivation

Now about growing in open field.

The soil

Primrose soil is hygroscopic, friable and light.. It is important to drain the soil so that the moisture does not stagnate and does not cause rotting of the roots. It grows best in clay-sandy soils. If the soil is heavy and clayey, you can loosen it and lighten it by adding a ten-liter volume of sand and a couple of kilograms of manure per cubic meter, and crushed sphagnum and vermiculite for drainage and friability.

Location

Landing in the open ground of primrose for many years is done in the second year of life. In the spring or fall seasons. The best place for her will be in the shady part near the bushes and trees. An ideal area, lit only in the morning, or a rocky mountain in the eastern, northern or western parts of the country.

Watering and fertilizer

Soil needs to be kept a little moist, spending water at the rate of three liters per square. In the heat, watering is doubled. They are nourished with mineral compounds the same as the home plant. It’s not worth it to be too diligent with nitrogen feeding, so that the plant does not put all its energy into the formation of foliage, then flowers simply will not work.

In order to avoid such an incident, nitrogen fertilizers alternate with potash and phosphorus compounds. Primrose peat and humus, compost and leafy soil are well received. This not only enriches the earth, but also improves its structural qualities. Make up three times during the growing season - in early spring, after a few weeks and in the second part of the summer season.

Temperature

The primrose is resistant to cooling, tolerates even subzero temperatures, up to - 6. There are truths and hybrids that are not so hardened and it is advisable to remove them before frost. These plants are stored until spring in containers in a cool place. Read more about how to prepare a primrose for winter, we told here.

What to do with a garden variety?

Now about growing a garden variety of primrose and about caring for it.

Low-growing primroses are planted with an interval of 10-15 cm, and large ones with an interval of 20-30 cm. Primrose loves closed and protected spaces, so the flower garden should be organized so that the plants close together after they grow.

A transplant is preferable on a cloudy day.

Prepare a hole corresponding to the depth in the desired place.
Ash, sand and manure are added to the new wells.
Dig a primrose with an earthen lump.
Rearrange the plant by centering a new hole. Gently fill the soil with voids on the sides.
To water, in the heat it is necessary to shade the plant.

If the transplant is connected with the intention to make the division of primrose, then a procedure should be performed after a flowering period. It is important that after transplanting the flower has time to root before the onset of the cold season.

Important! This issue has its own peculiarities, as, for example, the Siebold variety is not divided in early spring and in the fall season. This is due to the fact that she wakes up later and by August 15, her foliage is already dying. Pink primrose blooms in the first month of spring, but does not release leaves yet. Given this, it is shared only when rosettes form.

In addition to the above examples, there are other individual characteristics of the propagation of varieties.

Flowering and care after it

The main characteristic of this plant is precisely the flowering parameters. The name speaks for itself - plant blooms in early spring. Primula is a Latin word, which means “first” in translation, and this is absolutely deserved, since for the most part it most likely wakes up to life after a cold winter. Many varieties begin to bloom in late April - early May, others in mid-May, and there are those that give the first color in full swing and at the end of summer.

Bright flowers are collected in inflorescences according to a variety of principles: umbrella, candelabrum, pillow-shaped, longline, capitate and bell-shaped. This is the main parameter for distinguishing species and varieties. Flowers come in a wide variety of tones - brown, purple, blue, white, yellow, with contrasting spectacular borders on the edge of the petals.

After flowering is complete, the ground part of the primrose may begin to dry out, but not always, it all depends on the variety. It is necessary to loosen the soil, removing weeds. Watering reduce.

Biorhythms of primrose are included in a new mode and the plant, ceasing to bloom, begins to form foliage. An important circumstance is the preservation of the outlet until late autumn, since the foliage will also protect the plant from the cold.

Cold-resistant varieties are left for the winter, and hybrids are cleaned.

Frost-resistant primroses are sprinkled with a small layer of humus and covered with a layer of spruce. In relatively warm regions with a lot of snow, the plant may not be covered. In the spring, even before complete melting, it is necessary to destroy the ice crust so that it does not penetrate, and free primrose from dried leaves. Pruning leaves in the fall will damage the aesthetic properties of the flower, weaken the flowering, and grind the look. Now you know what to do after flowering plants.

We discussed in more detail the preparation of primrose for winter here, and from this material you will learn about the rules for transplanting and caring for a plant in the autumn.

Breeding

In this section we will tell you how to propagate a flower. You will learn about leaf propagation and division of the bush.

Cuttings

Do in August or early September to rejuvenate and obtain material for breeding.

Abundantly watered.
After a few hours, they dig a plant.
The root system is carefully washed in a basin or bucket.
Cut into divisions so that each had at least one growth point.
The cuts are treated with ash powder.
Planted, deepening by 3-4 cm and watered.

Axillary escape

It is used for weakened roots, and also if there is only one outlet.

The leaf, together with a part of the petiole, a kidney and a shoot fragment, is cut and rooted in the substrate. The sheet plate is reduced by half before removing the dilution materialby slicing. When the buds give an escape with four leaves, they are planted in separate pots, and in the spring they are transplanted into the open ground.

Reference! Rooting is carried out under the following conditions: the temperature is maintained at + 16-18 ºC, regularly moistening the soil and providing good illumination, but without direct rays.

Other methods

The divide can be disconnected without disturbing the entire plant, but simply digging and separating from the rhizome from one of the favorable sides.
You can not combine the transplant with breeding, but use the cuttings method. It is preferable to cut the primrose in May or June. To this end, cut a leaf with a petiole and root a mini-hotbed from a jar or bag. The method is mainly used for primrose of the ear type.
There is an option of pinching the apical kidney, which will provoke an active awakening of the lateral kidneys, and primrose will give an abundance of cuttings.

Possible diseases and their treatment

The primrose is quite resistant to disease, but there are still problems. Actively harm the plant - aphids, ticks, weevils, fleas, slugs and nematodes.Particularly vulnerable to primrose are diseases such as powdery mildew, Ramcularia cercosporella fungus, rot, rust, bacterial spotting and anthracnose.

The most difficult period in this regard is from mid-March to June inclusive. The leaves begin to lose their appearance, turn brown, turn pale, turn yellow, and with the development of the destructive influence of pathogenic factors, the plant may die at all. To combat the disease, it is necessary to free the primrose from the affected leaves and stems, to disinfect the "wounds" with fungicides. In addition, it is possible to spray Bordeaux liquid or copper chloride in the form of a solution, before flowering and at the end.

Use in landscape design

Bright colors and a variety of shapes and sizes of bushes makes it a hit not only when decorating an apartment, but also in landscape design. This unpretentious plant has been successfully used to decorate the garden. Due to the nature of the plant, they are used in the northern part of the site. To achieve a decorative effect, primroses are planted denser so that they form a single, lush, flowering line, circle or angular shape. Primrose can also be grown in beautiful flowerpots in the open airchanging the composition according to the mood.

Beneficial features

The whole plant, roots, flowers and stems - contains a high concentration of manganese salts.
Roots are a source of saponins, essential oils and glycosides.
The green part and the flowers are rich in vitamin composition, especially vitamin C.
Foliage is added to soups and salads, to roasts. It even has carotene.
Roots are also used in cooking both fresh and in dried powder form.
The broth has an expectorant property, helps to cure diseases of the respiratory system.
An infusion is prepared from the roots, and a decoction is prepared from the ground parts.
Primrose anesthetizes, acts as a diuretic, helps with headaches, insomnia and neurosis.
The plant is widely included in multifunctional herbal preparations.

Important! Of the contraindications, only individual intolerance and pregnancy.

Unpretentious, gentle, and at the same time a strong plant is not only a decoration of the garden and home, but also a caring doctor, saving from illnesses and sadness, generously giving his charm and charisma. Only a little attention and a charge of vigor and health will be provided.

Now you know how to divide primrose and when.